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Part I — Overview

Contents4 numbered sections

Report date: September 27, 2026 Author: AI Security Research Report Sources: OWASP GenAI Security Project, Mindgard, SentinelOne, Cloudflare, Trend Micro, MITRE ATLAS, NIST AI RMF

This part is the top-10 list of security vulnerabilities that face AI systems in 2026, ordered by the OWASP GenAI LLM Top 10. Each of the ten sections below follows the same shape — what the vulnerability is, real-world incidents that prove it, why it matters, and mitigation strategies you can act on.

The list is defensive-first: it describes how these failures happen so that builders, reviewers and security teams can design systems that resist them. Prompt injection has topped the OWASP list since its first release in 2023 and remains fundamentally unsolved.

  • Sections 1–10 are the vulnerabilities themselves, in OWASP severity order.
  • Section 11 holds the summary/severity matrix, the frameworks referenced throughout, and the full source list.
  • Each section is numbered x.1–x.4 so the table of contents on the right can jump straight to a subsection.
Severity Meaning
Critical Exploitable in production today with severe impact; no fool-proof in-model prevention exists
High High likelihood and significant blast radius; mitigation is architectural
Medium-High Requires specific conditions or privileged context; impact still material
Medium Common but generally lower blast radius; often a cost or correctness issue
  1. Prompt Injection
  2. Sensitive Information Disclosure
  3. Supply Chain Vulnerabilities
  4. Data and Model Poisoning
  5. Improper Output Handling
  6. Excessive Agency
  7. System Prompt Leakage
  8. Vector and Embedding Weaknesses
  9. Misinformation and Hallucination
  10. Unbounded Consumption
  11. Summary Table, Frameworks & Sources